![]() ![]() ![]() kb (= kbp) = kilo base pairs = 1,000 bp.The following abbreviations are commonly used to describe the length of a DNA/RNA molecule: The corresponding base-paired RNA sequence, in which uracil is substituted for thymine: AUCGAU By convention, the top strand is written from the 5' end to the 3' end thus the bottom strand is written 3' to 5'. The following DNA sequences illustrate pair double-stranded patterns. ![]() The haploid human genome (23 chromosomes) is estimated to be about 3 billion base pairs long and to contain 20,000-25,000 distinct genes. Hence, the number of total base pairs is equal to the number of nucleotides in one of the strands (with the exception of non-coding single-stranded regions of telomeres). The size of an individual gene or an organism's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double-stranded. Some DNA- or RNA-binding enzymes can recognize specific base pairing patterns that identify particular regulatory regions of genes. Pairing is also the mechanism by which codons on messenger RNA molecules are recognized by anticodons on transfer RNA during protein translation. Non-Watson-Crick base pairing with alternate hydrogen bonding patterns also occur, especially in RNA common such patterns are Hoogsteen base pairs. In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil (U). In the canonical Watson-Crick base pairing, adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine (T), as does guanine (G) with cytosine (C) in DNA. In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a base pair (often abbreviated bp). ![]()
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